使用 AI 和機器學習使 TMS 變得更加智能,以提供準確的預測。目前正在使用的一些技術包括:物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IoT) 設備和傳感器、數(shù)字助理、交貨時間預測解決方案、運輸規(guī)劃解決方案、區(qū)塊鏈等。智能交通系統(tǒng)(ITS)是從TMS發(fā)展而來的。一個能夠根據(jù)給定的場景,使用安裝在車輛上的設備生成的數(shù)據(jù)做出適當決定的系統(tǒng)被稱為智能運輸系統(tǒng)(ITS)。過去的研究表明,對ITS的綜合方法包括運輸基礎設施和運輸管理。ITS作為一種新型的TMS,已逐漸被自動化控制系統(tǒng)所取代。它們已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為對危險情況的預測,并有可能利用大量復雜的數(shù)據(jù)作為決策工具。ITS還通過在動態(tài)環(huán)境下的自動數(shù)據(jù)收集影響了運輸系統(tǒng)的高效運行[29]。 典型的 ITS 需要來自各種設備和傳感器的輸入數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)被遠程監(jiān)控和處理。從處理過的數(shù)據(jù)中得出的洞察力被認為是政府和企業(yè)做出決策的寶貴輸入。這種系統(tǒng)方法通過反饋機制確保性能的持續(xù)改進。輸入數(shù)據(jù)來自安裝在交通管理基礎設施、車輛和道路基礎設施中的各種設備。管理部門監(jiān)控數(shù)據(jù)并確保及時將數(shù)據(jù)傳播給通勤者、司機和行人,從而使利益相關者受益。
本文匯總了 AI 構建ITS的能力和優(yōu)勢。該研究提出了一個包含 ITS 子系統(tǒng)的框架,這些子系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)其能力確定的。ITS 是識別運輸行業(yè)潛在問題的重要工具之一,本研究為特定問題提出了解決方案。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),機器學習算法主要用于預測交通擁堵和路線管理。一項針對采用人工智能克服交通問題的城市分析表明,大多數(shù)發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)迅速采用了這些系統(tǒng)。這種采用需要相關公司和領導層的支持,因為它涉及最高管理層的投資和長期愿景。由于兩個原因,一些組織和政府仍對采用猶豫不決——要么擔心與人工智能采用相關的風險,要么在這些國家中采用技術能力較弱。據(jù)觀察,發(fā)達國家正在采用與運輸管理相關的技術。為了構建有效的 AI 應用程序,我們需要大量數(shù)據(jù)作為輸入來處理文本、圖像、視頻和音頻,以便做出適當?shù)臎Q定。該領域缺乏知識和人才仍然是推出適合該領域的更新解決方案的弱點。因此,人工智能在物流公司的應用成本大約是營業(yè)額的3-10%,這給采用人工智能造成了障礙。人工智能應用引發(fā)了許多倫理、社會、經(jīng)濟和法律問題。數(shù)據(jù)驅動的基于人工智能的應用程序存在網(wǎng)絡安全和數(shù)據(jù)隱私問題,尤其是在自動駕駛汽車中。當面對生命對生命的情況時,了解全自動車輛中的人工智能算法與人類相比如何做出決策至關重要。Eurobarometer對自動駕駛系統(tǒng)進行的一項調查發(fā)現(xiàn)受訪者對自動駕駛汽車運輸貨物感到非常滿意,而不是乘坐此類車輛本身(Niestadt、Debyser、Scordamaglia 和 Pape,運輸中的人工智能,2019 年)。缺乏明確的政策、對采用新技術的抵制、缺乏道德法規(guī)的建立,使得人工智能解決方案對許多組織來說難以捉摸。總的來說,人工智能能夠為人類提供更好的旅行體驗。進一步研究的范圍由于本研究的概念性質,它可能缺乏在不同場景中的應用的普遍性。未來可以根據(jù)從運輸行業(yè)的利益相關者那里收集的原始數(shù)據(jù)進行影響研究。一些研究問題可能是:行為研究——乘客對乘坐自動駕駛汽車的偏好與人類駕駛汽車相比,自運輸行業(yè)采用人工智能以來,事故數(shù)量是否減少了?人工智能在運輸行業(yè)的實施是否為企業(yè)帶來了更好的投資回報率?人工智能是否確保提高運輸行業(yè)的效率?政府監(jiān)管機構在運輸行業(yè)部署各種人工智能解決方案的作用和意義是什么?參考文獻 [1]R. 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